Hacking Tools Categories.

• Operating Systems useful for Hacking

These include various OS like -

1. Kali Linux or Backtrack 5
2. BackBox
3. DEFT
4. Pentoo
5. NodeZero
6. Anonymous OS 

• Password Crackers

In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of recovering passwords from data that have been stored in or transmitted by a computer system. A common approach (brute-force attack) is to try guesses repeatedly for the password and check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password.

The purpose of password cracking might be to help a user recover a forgotten password (installing an entirely new password is less of a security risk, but it involves System Administration privileges), to gain unauthorized access to a system, or as a preventive measure by System Administrators to check for easily crackable passwords. On a file-by-file basis, password cracking is utilized to gain access to digital evidence for which a judge has allowed access but the particular file's access is restricted.

• Wireless Hacking

Cracking of wireless networks is the defeating of security devices in Wireless local-area networks. Wireless local-area networks(WLANs) – also called Wi-Fi networks are inherently vulnerable to security lapses that wired networks are exempt from.

Cracking is a kind of information network attack that is akin to a direct intrusion. There are two basic types of vulnerabilities associated with WLANs: those caused by poor configuration and those caused by weak encryption.

• Packet Crafting

Packet crafting is a technique that allows network administrators to probe firewall rule-sets and find entry points into a targeted system or network. This is done by manually generating packets to test network devices and behavior, instead of using existing network traffic.

• Traffic Monitoring

Network traffic monitoring is the process of reviewing, analyzing and managing network traffic for any abnormality or process that can affect network performance, availability and/or security.

It is a network management process that uses various tools and techniques to study computer network-based communication/data/packet traffic.

• Packet Sniffers

A packet analyzer (also known as a network analyzer, protocol analyzer or packet sniffer—or, for particular types of networks, an Ethernet sniffer or wireless sniffer) is a computer program or piece of computer hardware that can intercept and log traffic that passes over a digital network or part of a network.

• Rootkit Detectors To Hack File System

Rootkit is an application, that hides its presence or presence of another application on the computer, using some of the lower layers of the operating system, which makes them almost undetectable by common anti-malware software. So a Rootkit Detector is used.

• Fuzzers

A Security fuzzer is a tool used by security professionals (and professional hackers :) to test a parameter of an application. Typical fuzzers test an application for buffer overflows, format string vulnerabilities, and error handling. More advanced fuzzers incorporate functionality to test for directory traversal attacks, command execution vulnerabilities, SQL Injectionand Cross Site Scripting vulnerabilities. Web Vulnerability scanners typically perform all of this functionality, and can be considered an advanced fuzzer.

• Debuggers

A debugger or debugging tool is a computer program that is used to test and debug other programs (the "target" program). The code to be examined might alternatively be running on an instruction set simulator (ISS), a technique that allows great power in its ability to halt when specific conditions are encountered.

• Encryption Tools

Encryption software is software that can encrypt and decrypt data, often in the form of files on a hard drive or packets sent over a network.

• Intrusion Detection System

An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a device or software application that monitors network or system activities for malicious activities or policy violations and produces reports to a management station. IDS come in a variety of "flavors" and approach the goal of detecting suspicious traffic in different ways.

• Vulnerability Exploitation Tools

 A software vulnerability is a security flaw, glitch, or weakness found in software or in an operating system (OS) that can lead to security concerns. So we can exploit this vulnerability using several tools like metasploit, sqlmap, etc.

• Web Vulnerability Scanners

Web Application Vulnerability Scanners are the automated tools that scan web applications to look for known security vulnerabilities such as cross-site scripting, SQL injection, command execution, directory traversal and insecure server configuration. A large number of both commercial and open source tools are available and and all these tools have their own strengths and weaknesses.

• Forensic Tools

Digital forensics (sometimes known as digital forensic science) is a branch of forensic science encompassing the recovery and investigation of material found in digital devices, often in relation to computer crime. Forensic tools help in collecting such data.

• Other General Purpose Tools

These include tools like Netcat, Vmware, Socat, cURL, etc.

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